Soon after birth, a nurse almost drops Osei. He spreads his arms, pulls them back in, and then cries. This is an example of
stranger anxiety
Moro reflex
preoperational stage
egocentrism
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
Correct Answer: Moro reflex
Explanation:
The behavior described in the scenario—spreading arms, pulling them back in, and crying—is a textbook example of the Moro reflex, also known as the startle reflex. This is a primitive reflex seen in newborns that typically disappears by around 4 to 6 months of age.
The Moro reflex occurs when a baby experiences a sudden loss of support or feels as if they are falling. In response to this sensation, the infant will:
- Spread out the arms (abduction),
- Then pull the arms back in (adduction),
- Often followed by crying.
This reflex is believed to be an evolutionary survival mechanism, helping babies cling to their caregivers in response to a perceived threat. It is involuntary and originates in the central nervous system.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
- Stranger Anxiety:
- This refers to a social/emotional milestone, usually appearing around 6 to 8 months of age, where infants become fearful or wary of unfamiliar people.
- It is not a reflex and doesn’t occur immediately after birth.
- Preoperational Stage:
- This is a cognitive developmental stage described by Jean Piaget, spanning from 2 to 7 years of age.
- Children in this stage begin to engage in symbolic play and learn to manipulate symbols, but they do not yet understand concrete logic.
- This does not apply to newborn behavior.
- Egocentrism:
- Also a concept from Piaget’s theory, egocentrism refers to the inability of young children to see things from another person’s perspective.
- It is common during the preoperational stage but not relevant to reflex actions in newborns.
Summary:
Osei’s response to nearly being dropped is best explained by the Moro reflex, a normal and expected neurological reaction in newborns that helps evaluate the integrity of their nervous system.