Can you label the structures of a prokaryotic cell?
Part A Drag the labels to the appropriate locations in this diagram.
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
Based on the image of the prokaryotic cell diagram, here are the correct labels for each structure:
Correct Labels for the Diagram:
- a: Capsule
- b: Fimbriae
- c: Ribosomes
- d: Nucleoid
- e: Plasma membrane
- f: Cell wall
- g: Bacterial chromosome
- h: Cytoplasm
- i: Flagella
Explanation
Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, are simpler and smaller than eukaryotic cells. They lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Each part of the prokaryotic cell structure plays a crucial role in the cell’s function and survival.
The capsule (a) is a sticky, gelatinous outer layer that surrounds the cell wall. It helps protect the bacterium from desiccation and phagocytosis and can aid in adherence to surfaces and other cells.
Fimbriae (b) are hair-like appendages on the cell’s surface. They are primarily involved in adhesion to surfaces, which is important for colonization and biofilm formation.
Ribosomes (c) are small complexes of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm. They are the sites of protein synthesis, translating genetic instructions into functional proteins.
The nucleoid (d) is the irregularly-shaped region in the cell where the bacterial chromosome (g) is located. Unlike eukaryotic nuclei, it is not membrane-bound. The DNA in the nucleoid is usually a single, circular chromosome that carries the cell’s genetic information.
The plasma membrane (e) is a phospholipid bilayer that controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell. It is essential for maintaining the internal environment of the cell.
The cell wall (f) is a rigid structure outside the plasma membrane that provides protection and maintains cell shape. It is composed of peptidoglycan in most bacteria.
Cytoplasm (h) is the gel-like fluid inside the cell, where metabolic processes occur.
Finally, flagella (i) are long, whip-like structures that provide motility, enabling the bacterium to move toward favorable environments or away from harmful ones.
Together, these structures enable prokaryotic cells to thrive in diverse environments.
