Part A A consistent explanation of known observations is called
O a theory.
O an experiment.
O a prediction.
O a hypothesis.
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
Correct Answer: ✅ A theory.
Explanation
In scientific methodology, a theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is based on a body of evidence and repeatedly confirmed through observation and experimentation. Theories are developed through the scientific method and are used to explain known observations consistently and reliably.
Unlike a hypothesis, which is a tentative and testable statement about the relationship between two or more variables, a theory has already been extensively tested and is generally accepted within the scientific community. A hypothesis may eventually lead to a theory if it is supported by significant empirical evidence over time.
An experiment is a controlled method of testing a hypothesis. It provides the data that can support or refute a hypothesis but does not in itself explain observations—rather, it’s part of the process that contributes to developing theories.
A prediction, on the other hand, is a specific statement about what will happen in the future based on current knowledge or a hypothesis. Predictions can be tested in experiments, and their accuracy contributes to the validity of a hypothesis or theory.
To illustrate, consider the Theory of Evolution. It provides a consistent explanation for the diversity of life on Earth, based on extensive fossil records, genetic data, and observable changes in species over time. This theory did not emerge overnight; it was developed through numerous hypotheses, observations, and experiments, gradually forming a coherent framework that explains biological phenomena.
Therefore, when we seek an explanation that accounts for a range of known observations in a consistent and systematic manner, the correct scientific term is a theory. It represents the highest level of understanding in science and is subject to modification as new evidence becomes available, ensuring it remains accurate and reliable.
