Which of the following statements regarding ADHD research is true?
It has shown that two of the most common side effects of medication are weight gain and stuttering.
It has found that less than half of children diagnosed with this disorder in the United States receive medication.
It has shown higher rates for boys than girls across different countries.
It has found similar treatments utilized across the various countries that have been studied.
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
Correct Answer:
It has shown higher rates for boys than girls across different countries.
Explanation
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most studied neurodevelopmental disorders in children, characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. One consistent finding across ADHD research globally is the higher prevalence rates in boys compared to girls. This gender disparity has been observed in many countries, including the United States, Canada, Australia, and several European nations. Boys are more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD, with estimates suggesting they are diagnosed two to three times more often than girls.
Several factors may explain this difference. Boys often display more externalizing symptoms, such as hyperactivity and impulsivity, which are more noticeable and disruptive in classroom settings. Girls with ADHD, on the other hand, may show more internalizing symptoms like inattention, which can go undetected or be misattributed to other issues. Consequently, ADHD in girls is often underdiagnosed or diagnosed later.
The other answer choices are incorrect for the following reasons:
- Weight gain and stuttering are not among the most common side effects of ADHD medications. Common side effects include decreased appetite, sleep disturbances, and increased heart rate, particularly with stimulant medications like methylphenidate and amphetamines.
- It is not true that less than half of children diagnosed with ADHD in the U.S. receive medication. In fact, research suggests that the majority (around 60-70%) of diagnosed children are treated with medication, often in combination with behavioral therapies.
- While ADHD is recognized worldwide, treatment approaches vary across countries due to differences in healthcare systems, cultural attitudes toward mental health, and access to medication. For instance, stimulant use is more common in the U.S. than in some European or Asian countries.
Therefore, the most accurate statement supported by research is that ADHD shows higher rates for boys than girls across different countries.
