Which statement best describes the Plate Tectonic Theory? A. Drifting apart of the continents B. Geological events that occur C. The movement of plates over the mantle D. Pushing and pulling apart of the plates
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
Correct Answer: C. The movement of plates over the mantle
Explanation
The Plate Tectonic Theory is a scientific theory that explains the large-scale movement of Earth’s lithosphere, which is divided into rigid plates that float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle). The most accurate description among the options is “The movement of plates over the mantle” because it captures the fundamental principle of the theory: the Earth’s outer shell is broken into several large and small plates that move relative to each other.
These tectonic plates are in constant motion due to the convection currents within the mantle. Heat from the Earth’s core causes molten rock in the mantle to circulate, pushing and pulling the plates above. As a result, plates may move apart (divergent boundaries), slide past one another (transform boundaries), or collide (convergent boundaries). These movements are responsible for many geological events such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, mountain formation, and the creation of oceanic trenches.
While some of the other options touch on consequences or related ideas—like “drifting apart of the continents” or “pushing and pulling apart of the plates”—they are limited in scope and do not fully encompass the theory. For instance, continental drift is a result of plate movement, but it was proposed before the full development of plate tectonic theory. Similarly, while geological events are outcomes of plate tectonics, they don’t define the theory itself.
Therefore, the best and most complete description is that plate tectonic theory explains the movement of the Earth’s lithospheric plates over the semi-fluid mantle layer, driven by internal Earth processes. This movement shapes the surface of the Earth over geological time and is central to understanding the dynamic nature of our planet.
