QUESTION 14 In general, evolutionary processes lead to organisms that function well in a given environment. can only survive in that one environment. are perfect. became extinct. have a single adaptive trait.
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
Correct Answer:
Function well in a given environment.
Explanation
Evolution is a natural process through which species change over time due to genetic variation and environmental pressures. The most accurate statement in this question is that evolutionary processes lead to organisms that function well in a given environment.
This principle is grounded in natural selection, a key mechanism of evolution proposed by Charles Darwin. Natural selection favors individuals with traits that improve their chances of survival and reproduction in a specific environment. Over generations, these advantageous traits become more common in the population, resulting in organisms that are well-suited—or well-adapted—to their environment.
However, it’s important to understand what this does not mean:
- “Can only survive in that one environment”: While some species are highly specialized, many can survive in a range of environments. Evolution does not always lead to extreme specialization.
- “Are perfect”: Evolution does not produce perfection. Organisms are “good enough” to survive and reproduce, not necessarily flawless. Evolution is limited by historical constraints, genetic variation, and environmental changes.
- “Became extinct”: Extinction is a possible outcome if a species fails to adapt to changing environments, but it is not the goal or guaranteed result of evolution.
- “Have a single adaptive trait”: Organisms usually have multiple adaptive traits. For example, birds have feathers for flight, beaks suited to their food source, and behaviors that aid survival.
In essence, evolution is not about designing the “best” or “most advanced” organisms, but about shaping species that are adequate for survival in specific ecological contexts. This adaptability helps explain the incredible diversity of life on Earth, with each organism shaped by a unique evolutionary history tailored to its environmental niche.
