Type of compound (check all that apply): Compound Ionic Molecular Acid Base H2SO3 KClO3 H2SO4 H3PO4
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
Here’s the classification for each compound:
| Compound | Type(s) of Compound |
|---|---|
| H₂SO₃ | Compound, Acid, Molecular |
| KClO₃ | Compound, Ionic |
| H₂SO₄ | Compound, Acid, Molecular |
| H₃PO₄ | Compound, Acid, Molecular |
Explanation
Chemical compounds can be broadly classified into several categories based on their composition and behavior: ionic compounds, molecular compounds, acids, and bases. Here’s how the given compounds fit into these categories:
- H₂SO₃ (Sulfurous acid):
This is a molecular compound composed of nonmetals (hydrogen, sulfur, and oxygen) bonded covalently. It acts as an acid because it donates hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in water. It’s a weak acid, and it exists mostly in equilibrium with its ions in solution. - KClO₃ (Potassium chlorate):
This is an ionic compound formed from the metal potassium (K⁺) and the polyatomic ion chlorate (ClO₃⁻). Ionic compounds typically consist of a metal and a nonmetal or polyatomic ion. It is not an acid or a base but a salt often used as an oxidizer. - H₂SO₄ (Sulfuric acid):
Like H₂SO₃, this is also a molecular compound made of nonmetals. However, when dissolved in water, it dissociates completely, making it a strong acid. It’s one of the most commonly used industrial acids. - H₃PO₄ (Phosphoric acid):
This is a triprotic acid, meaning it can donate three protons (H⁺ ions). It is a molecular compound composed of hydrogen, phosphorus, and oxygen. It is considered a weak to moderate acid in aqueous solution.
None of these compounds qualify as bases because they do not accept protons (Brønsted-Lowry definition) or release hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in solution (Arrhenius definition). Understanding the composition and behavior of compounds helps in predicting their chemical properties and reactions.
