Which process involves wind moving loose sediment? abrasion deflation impact plucking
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
The correct answer is: deflation
Explanation
Deflation is the geological process by which wind removes loose, fine-grained particles such as silt, sand, and dust from the surface of the Earth. This action is most common in arid and semi-arid regions where vegetation is sparse and dry conditions prevail, making the soil more vulnerable to wind erosion. As the wind blows across the surface, it lifts and transports these lighter particles away, gradually lowering the land surface and leaving behind heavier materials like pebbles and gravel. Over time, this can result in the formation of desert pavements—surfaces covered with closely packed stones.
Deflation differs from other wind-related processes such as abrasion, impact, and plucking. Abrasion occurs when wind-driven particles strike and wear down surfaces, like rocks or buildings. Impact refers more generally to the striking force of particles, and is part of abrasion but not a process by itself. Plucking is typically associated with glaciers, not wind; it involves the removal of chunks of rock by moving ice.
One significant consequence of deflation is the development of deflation hollows or blowouts—shallow depressions formed by continuous wind erosion. In severe cases, such as during the Dust Bowl of the 1930s in the United States, deflation can lead to serious environmental degradation and loss of arable land.
Human activities, such as overgrazing, deforestation, and poor land management, can accelerate deflation by disturbing the soil and reducing vegetation cover. To combat this, land conservation practices like planting windbreaks, maintaining ground cover, and reducing tillage are used.
In summary, deflation is the process involving the wind’s removal and transportation of loose sediment from the ground, playing a key role in shaping desert landscapes and influencing soil conservation strategies worldwide.
