Diagram the path of light through a compound microscope. Through what lenses and objects does the light pass in a compound microscope? Identify the basic parts of a compound microscope.
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
Basic Parts of a Microscope and Explanation
A microscope is a scientific instrument used to magnify small objects that are invisible or unclear to the naked eye. Whether it’s a simple light microscope or a complex electron microscope, all microscopes share several basic parts that work together to provide clear and detailed images. Below are the main parts of a typical compound light microscope and their functions:
- Eyepiece (Ocular Lens) – This is the lens at the top that you look through. It usually magnifies the image 10 times (10x).
- Objective Lenses – Located on a rotating nosepiece, these lenses provide varying levels of magnification (typically 4x, 10x, 40x, and 100x). They work together with the eyepiece to magnify the specimen.
- Stage – This is the flat platform where the slide is placed. It often has clips to hold the slide securely.
- Light Source or Mirror – Positioned beneath the stage, it provides light to illuminate the specimen. In modern microscopes, this is usually an LED or bulb.
- Diaphragm or Iris – Controls the amount of light that reaches the specimen, enhancing contrast and image clarity.
- Coarse Adjustment Knob – Used for focusing under low power by moving the stage up and down quickly.
- Fine Adjustment Knob – Allows precise focusing under high power by making smaller adjustments to the stage height.
- Arm – The vertical part used to support the head of the microscope and carry it safely.
- Base – The bottom support of the microscope, which stabilizes the entire instrument.
These parts function together to magnify tiny specimens so they can be studied in detail. For example, the combination of objective and ocular lenses determines the total magnification, while the stage, light, and diaphragm help present a clear view. Mastery of these parts is essential for students, researchers, and medical professionals who rely on microscopes for observing cells, tissues, and microorganisms.
