What is another name for validity in qualitative research? a. objectivity b. bias c. trustworthiness d. reliability
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
The correct answer is: c. trustworthiness
In qualitative research, the concept of validity—as used in quantitative studies—does not directly apply due to the interpretive, subjective, and context-based nature of qualitative inquiry. Instead, trustworthiness is the term most often used to refer to the quality, rigor, and validity of qualitative findings.
Trustworthiness was introduced by Lincoln and Guba (1985) as a framework to evaluate qualitative research. It encompasses four key components:
- Credibility – This parallels internal validity in quantitative research. It refers to confidence in the truth of the findings. Researchers enhance credibility through techniques like triangulation, member checking, prolonged engagement, and peer debriefing.
- Transferability – Similar to external validity or generalizability, this refers to the extent to which the findings can apply to other contexts. Qualitative researchers ensure transferability by providing thick descriptions of the research setting and participants.
- Dependability – This corresponds to reliability in quantitative research. It focuses on the consistency and stability of the research process over time. An audit trail and detailed documentation help establish dependability.
- Confirmability – This addresses objectivity. It ensures that the findings are shaped by participants’ responses and not researcher bias, motivations, or interests. Reflexivity and audit trails contribute to confirmability.
Unlike objectivity (a), which is more applicable to quantitative studies, qualitative research accepts subjectivity as inherent but seeks to manage it transparently. Bias (b) is a challenge, not a goal, and researchers use strategies to minimize its impact. Reliability (d), while important, is reframed in qualitative terms as dependability.
In conclusion, trustworthiness is the most appropriate term that captures the rigor and integrity equivalent to validity in qualitative research. It emphasizes transparency, reflexivity, and depth, aligning with the interpretive nature of qualitative inquiry.
