Of which of the following nutrients do infants require extra servings? A. carbohydrates B. dietary sugars C. vitamin A D. fatty acids
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
Correct Answer: D. Fatty acids
Explanation:
Infants require extra servings of fatty acids, particularly essential fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA), for their proper growth and development. These long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are critical during infancy because they play a vital role in the development of the brain, eyes, and nervous system.
During the first year of life, the human brain undergoes rapid growth. DHA, a key omega-3 fatty acid, is a primary structural component of the brain and retina. Because infants are developing these organs at a fast pace, their need for DHA and ARA is proportionally higher than that of adults. Breast milk naturally contains these fatty acids, and many infant formulas are now fortified with them to support cognitive and visual development.
Infants also require more fat overall compared to older children and adults. Fat accounts for approximately 50% of the calories in breast milk. This is not only for energy but also because fat helps in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins such as vitamins A, D, E, and K.
While carbohydrates and dietary sugars are important energy sources, infants do not need “extra” servings beyond what is typically found in breast milk or formula. Similarly, while vitamin A is essential for immune function and vision, it is required in carefully controlled amounts — too much can be toxic, and it is already present in adequate amounts in breast milk or fortified formulas.
In summary, fatty acids, especially DHA and ARA, are uniquely needed in greater quantities during infancy to support vital physiological development, particularly of the brain and eyes. This makes option D the correct choice.
