Which of the following is an adaptation to permafrost
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
Correct Answer:
Shallow root systems in plants
Explanation:
Permafrost refers to soil that remains frozen for two or more consecutive years. It is commonly found in polar regions such as the Arctic tundra. Living organisms in these regions face extreme challenges, including low temperatures, a short growing season, and a permanently frozen layer of ground beneath the surface. To survive under such conditions, many plants and animals have developed unique adaptations.
One of the most important adaptations of plants in permafrost regions is the development of shallow root systems. Because the deeper layers of soil remain frozen year-round, roots cannot penetrate very far into the ground. Instead, plants spread their roots horizontally, just below the surface where the thin active layer thaws during the brief summer months. This allows them to absorb the limited moisture and nutrients available in the topsoil.
Shallow root systems also enable plants to make the most of the short growing season. As the active layer thaws, these roots can quickly begin absorbing water and nutrients, allowing the plant to grow, flower, and reproduce in a short time span. Additionally, many tundra plants are low-growing and compact, which helps them resist cold winds and retain heat close to the ground.
In addition to plants, animals living in permafrost regions also exhibit specific adaptations such as thick fur, fat storage, and behaviors like hibernation or migration to cope with the harsh environment. However, when referring specifically to adaptations to permafrost, shallow root systems in plants are a direct response to the frozen soil conditions. This adaptation ensures that plants can survive and reproduce in environments where deeper soil layers are inaccessible due to the persistent presence of permafrost.
