Concept map: movement across membranes Complete the Concept Map to relate plasma membrane structure to active and passive transport processes. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets. View Available Hint(s) Reset Help active transport diffusion membrane transport mechanism endocytosis vesicular transport osmosis facilitated diffusion exocytosis that engulfs any type of extracellular material is that exports packaged materials is thus ATP to pump solutes is that passively moves substances down their concentration gradient is that requires transport protein but not ATP is Parts Complete previous part(s) Part Complete previous parts PartO Part E Complete previous part(s)
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
Here is the correctly completed concept map.
Completed Concept Map
- Box 1 (Far left): Membrane transport mechanism
- Box 2 (Top path, first empty box): Vesicular transport
- Box 3 (Top path, second empty box, upper): Endocytosis
- Box 4 (Top path, second empty box, lower): Exocytosis
- Box 5 (Middle path, empty box): Active transport
- Box 6 (Bottom path, first empty box): Diffusion
- Box 7 (Bottom path, second empty box, upper): Osmosis
- Box 8 (Bottom path, second empty box, lower): Facilitated diffusion
Here is a visual representation of the filled-in map:
graph TD
A[Membrane transport mechanism] -->|via membranous sacs is| B(Vesicular transport)
A -->|that uses ATP to pump solutes is| C(Active transport)
A -->|that passively moves substances down their concentration gradient is| D(Diffusion)
B -->|that engulfs any type of extracellular material is| E(Endocytosis)
B -->|that exports packaged materials is| F(Exocytosis)
D -->|of water is| G(Osmosis)
D -->|that requires transport proteins but not ATP is| H(Facilitated diffusion)content_copydownloadUse code with caution.Mermaid
Explanation of Movement Across Membranes
The plasma membrane is selectively permeable, meaning it regulates which substances enter and leave the cell. This regulation is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis and is accomplished through various membrane transport mechanisms. These mechanisms can be broadly categorized based on whether they require the cell to expend energy.
The first major category is passive transport, generally referred to as diffusion. This process involves the movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, or “down” their concentration gradient. This movement does not require the cell to expend metabolic energy (ATP). A specific and vital type of diffusion is osmosis, which is the passive movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane. Another form is facilitated diffusion, which also moves substances down their concentration gradient but requires the help of membrane transport proteins (like channels or carriers) to cross the membrane; however, it still does not use ATP.
The second major category is active transport. Unlike passive processes, active transport moves solutes against their concentration gradient (from low to high concentration). This “uphill” movement is not spontaneous and requires the cell to expend energy, which is typically supplied by the hydrolysis of ATP. This process allows cells to accumulate necessary substances or expel waste products.
For transporting large molecules, particles, or large quantities of fluid, cells use vesicular transport. This is a distinct mechanism that involves enclosing the substance within a membranous sac called a vesicle. This process is also active, requiring energy. There are two main types of vesicular transport. Endocytosis is the process by which the cell engulfs extracellular material, bringing it into the cell. Conversely, exocytosis is the process used to export materials, such as hormones or waste products, out of the cell by fusing a vesicle containing the material with the plasma membrane.thumb_upthumb_down
