Which of the following is an example of reproductive isolation?
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
Correct Answer:
Two populations of frogs have different mating calls and do not recognize each other as potential mates.
Explanation:
Reproductive isolation refers to any biological barriers that prevent different species or populations from interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. It is a key mechanism in the process of speciation, which leads to the formation of new species.
In the given example, two populations of frogs possess distinct mating calls. This difference acts as a prezygotic barrier, which means it prevents mating or fertilization from occurring in the first place. The mating call is a vital part of the reproductive behavior in many frog species. Female frogs often choose mates based on the specific sound patterns produced by males. If the calls differ significantly, females may not recognize males from the other population as suitable partners. As a result, mating does not occur between the two groups, maintaining their genetic distinctiveness.
Reproductive isolation can be classified into two broad categories: prezygotic and postzygotic. Prezygotic isolation includes behavioral differences (like mating calls), temporal differences (breeding at different times), mechanical differences (incompatible reproductive organs), and habitat isolation. Postzygotic isolation occurs after fertilization and includes issues like hybrid sterility or inviability, where offspring cannot reproduce or survive.
The importance of behavioral isolation, such as differing mating calls, lies in its ability to act as an early step in the divergence of populations. Over time, such barriers can lead to accumulation of genetic differences, resulting in the emergence of new species.
In conclusion, the frog populations with different mating calls represent a clear example of behavioral reproductive isolation, which prevents interbreeding due to differences in mating signals, ultimately contributing to the process of speciation.
