Predict the chemical formula for the ionic compound formed by NH4+ and PO4^3-
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
The correct chemical formula for the ionic compound formed by NH4+ (ammonium ion) and PO4^3- (phosphate ion) is (NH4)3PO4.
Determining the formula requires balancing the charges of the ions involved. The ammonium ion carries a +1 charge, while the phosphate ion has a -3 charge. For an electrically neutral compound, the total positive and negative charges must be equal.
To achieve charge balance, three ammonium ions are needed for every phosphate ion. The total positive charge contributed by three NH4+ ions is (+1) × 3 = +3, which exactly cancels out the negative charge of PO4^3- (-3). This results in a stable and neutral ionic compound.
Structurally, ammonium acts as a polyatomic cation, while phosphate serves as a polyatomic anion. When combined, the formula (NH4)3PO4 ensures that all charges are balanced, leading to a stable salt. This compound exists as an ionic solid and dissociates into its respective ions when dissolved in water.
The formation of this compound is significant in various applications. Ammonium phosphate is widely used as a fertilizer due to its high nitrogen and phosphorus content, essential nutrients for plant growth. It also finds use in fire retardants and industrial processes.
Understanding the principles behind ionic formula prediction is fundamental in chemistry. Identifying charge relationships and applying systematic balancing techniques ensures accuracy in compound formation. Mastery of this approach aids in interpreting reaction mechanisms, predicting solubility, and exploring applications in chemical synthesis.
