What is the IUPAC name for the compound shown? OH H
C\text{-}C\text{-}CH(_3\ OH name:
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
The IUPAC name of the given compound is 1,2-propanediol.
Explanation:
1,2-propanediol, also known as propylene glycol, consists of a three-carbon chain with hydroxyl groups attached to the first and second carbons. Here is a structured breakdown of the naming process:
- Identify the longest carbon chain: The compound consists of a three-carbon backbone, which corresponds to propane.
- Locate the functional groups: The presence of hydroxyl (-OH) groups classifies it as an alcohol.
- Number the carbon atoms: Carbon numbering starts from the end nearest to the hydroxyl groups, ensuring the lowest possible numbers.
- Assign positions to the hydroxyl groups: The hydroxyl groups are bonded to carbons one and two, making it a diol.
- Formulate the name: Since two hydroxyl groups are present, the suffix “diol” is used, and their positions are specified.
Structural and Chemical Properties:
1,2-propanediol is a viscous, colorless, and hygroscopic liquid used extensively in food, pharmaceuticals, and industrial applications. Its two hydroxyl groups contribute to hydrogen bonding, making it highly soluble in water and other polar solvents. Additionally, it acts as a solvent, stabilizer, and humectant in formulations.
Applications:
- Pharmaceuticals: Serves as a solvent in oral, injectable, and topical medicines.
- Food Industry: Used as an additive to retain moisture.
- Antifreeze and Coolants: Prevents freezing in car radiators.
- Cosmetics: Helps maintain hydration in skin products.
Overall, 1,2-propanediol is a versatile compound with widespread applications due to its chemical properties.
