Which of the following is not an effect of social influence? a. Conformity b. Compliance c. Obedience d. Disobedience
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is d. Disobedience.
Explanation:
Social influence refers to the ways in which individuals’ behaviors, beliefs, or attitudes are affected by the presence or actions of others. It can take various forms, including conformity, compliance, and obedience, but disobedience is not typically categorized as an effect of social influence.
- Conformity occurs when individuals change their behavior or attitudes to align with those of a group, often due to real or perceived group pressure. For example, if everyone in a group agrees on something, an individual may conform to that opinion, even if it differs from their personal beliefs, to avoid standing out.
- Compliance involves changing one’s behavior in response to a direct request from another person or group, even if they do not necessarily agree with the request. For instance, a person might comply with a friend’s request to go somewhere, even if they would rather stay at home.
- Obedience is the act of following direct orders from an authority figure, such as a boss, teacher, or government leader. A famous example of obedience is the Milgram experiment, where participants administered what they thought were harmful shocks to others because they were instructed by an authority figure to do so.
- Disobedience, however, refers to the refusal or failure to follow orders, which is the opposite of obedience. It is a form of resistance to authority rather than an effect of social influence. While social influence can encourage obedience or compliance, disobedience arises when individuals choose not to conform to social or authoritative expectations, often due to personal values, beliefs, or a perception of injustice.
In summary, while conformity, compliance, and obedience are common effects of social influence, disobedience is a form of resistance rather than an effect of social influence itself.