Which of the following is a deviation from health due to malfunction of a tissue or organ caused by microbes or their products? A pathogenicity B virulence C disease D infection
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is C) Disease.
Explanation:
A disease is a deviation from health that occurs when there is a malfunction in a tissue or organ due to the presence of harmful microbes or their products. Microbes, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, can invade the body and disrupt normal biological functions, leading to a range of health issues, from mild symptoms to severe conditions. The disruption of normal cellular function or tissue damage caused by these pathogens results in the clinical manifestation of a disease.
Pathogenicity refers to the ability of a microorganism to cause disease. While pathogenicity is necessary for the development of disease, it is the presence of the pathogen and its harmful effects on the body that lead to disease.
Virulence is a measure of the degree of harm a pathogen can cause. More virulent pathogens have a greater potential to cause severe disease. It is not the cause of the malfunction directly, but rather a characteristic of the pathogen that determines how harmful an infection can be.
Infection refers to the process by which a microorganism enters and establishes itself in a host. An infection does not necessarily result in disease. A person may be infected with a pathogen but may not exhibit any symptoms or signs of disease if the pathogen is not harmful or if the immune system successfully controls the infection.
In summary, disease is the actual condition that arises when tissue malfunction or organ dysfunction occurs due to infection by microbes or their products. It represents the clinical state resulting from the interaction between the pathogen and the host.