what will be the speed of sound in water at 100 degree C
The correct answer and explanation is:
The speed of sound in water at 100°C is approximately 1500 meters per second. This value is an estimate, as the speed of sound in water depends on several factors, including temperature, salinity, and pressure. At 100°C, water is near its boiling point, and this temperature significantly affects the speed of sound in the medium.
The speed of sound in a fluid is determined by the medium’s density and the bulk modulus (which measures the medium’s resistance to compression). The general formula for the speed of sound in a medium is given by: v=Bρv = \sqrt{\frac{B}{\rho}}
where:
- v is the speed of sound,
- B is the bulk modulus (elastic property of the medium),
- ρ is the density of the medium.
As temperature increases, water’s density decreases, making it less resistant to compression. This results in an increase in the speed of sound. However, above the boiling point (100°C), the effect of the temperature on the speed of sound becomes more complex due to the transition from liquid water to steam.
At 100°C, the properties of water are still relatively stable in its liquid phase. However, due to thermal expansion, the density of water decreases, and as a result, the speed of sound increases when compared to lower temperatures. For fresh water at 0°C, the speed of sound is around 1400 m/s. The rate of increase with temperature is approximately 4-5 meters per second per degree Celsius from 0°C to 100°C.
For more precise calculations, factors like salinity and pressure should also be taken into account, especially in natural bodies of water.