Fluid intelligence begins to decline in , whereas crystallized intelligence rises through . Question 6 options: young adulthood; middle age to old age young adulthood; young adulthood middle age; old age middle age; the life span
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
The correct answer is: young adulthood; middle age to old age.
Explanation:
Fluid intelligence refers to the ability to reason, solve novel problems, and think abstractly, independent of learned knowledge. It is more closely associated with cognitive functions like memory, processing speed, and problem-solving. Fluid intelligence tends to peak in young adulthood and starts to gradually decline from around the late 20s to early 30s. This decline becomes more evident as a person ages, with processing speed and the ability to solve unfamiliar problems slowing down over time.
The decline in fluid intelligence is often attributed to natural physiological changes in the brain, such as reduced neuroplasticity (the brain’s ability to reorganize and adapt). Additionally, the neural efficiency that allows for quick problem-solving becomes less optimal as people age.
On the other hand, crystallized intelligence is the accumulation of knowledge, experience, and skills acquired over time. It is closely related to a person’s verbal skills, knowledge of facts, and ability to use learned information. Crystallized intelligence tends to increase throughout a person’s life, particularly from middle age to old age, as individuals continue to accumulate knowledge and experiences. Even as the processing speed associated with fluid intelligence declines, crystallized intelligence benefits from the rich store of knowledge and expertise developed throughout life.
For instance, older adults may experience a slower recall of information but still outperform younger individuals in tasks that require knowledge or judgment. In fact, crystallized intelligence can be maintained or even enhanced through continued learning, reading, and life experiences. This trend helps explain why older adults often perform well in activities requiring accumulated knowledge, such as strategic games or professional decision-making.
In summary:
- Fluid intelligence declines from young adulthood onward.
- Crystallized intelligence rises and continues to grow through middle age to old age, given the lifelong accumulation of knowledge and experience.
