Which stage of the general adaptation syndrome is accompanied by activation of the sympathetic nervous system? A. alarm B. resistance C. termination D. exhaustion
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is A. alarm.
The General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) describes the body’s response to stress, and it consists of three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. The alarm stage is the body’s initial reaction to a stressor, and it is accompanied by the activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). When a person perceives a threat or stress, the body reacts by entering this alarm phase.
During the alarm stage, the sympathetic nervous system is activated, triggering the “fight or flight” response. This involves the release of stress hormones such as adrenaline (epinephrine) and cortisol. These hormones prepare the body for immediate action by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate. The body redirects blood flow to the muscles, dilates the pupils, and suppresses non-essential functions like digestion. These physiological changes are designed to prepare the body to either confront or flee from the danger.
The alarm stage is typically brief and is followed by the resistance stage, where the body attempts to adapt to the ongoing stressor. If the stress continues for an extended period, the body enters the exhaustion stage, where it may struggle to cope with prolonged stress, leading to potential physical or psychological health issues.
In summary, the activation of the sympathetic nervous system is a key characteristic of the alarm stage. This stage sets the body into a heightened state of alertness, preparing it to respond to an immediate threat.