Inability of the aqueous humor to drain from the anterior cavity results in: a) macular degeneration b) glaucoma c) retinal tears d) cataracts
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is b) glaucoma.
Explanation:
Glaucoma is a condition that arises when there is an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP), which occurs due to the inability of the aqueous humor to drain from the anterior chamber of the eye. The anterior chamber of the eye is filled with a fluid called the aqueous humor, which is produced by the ciliary body and circulates through the eye, providing nutrients and maintaining the shape of the eye.
Under normal circumstances, the aqueous humor drains out of the anterior chamber through a drainage system called the trabecular meshwork, which is located at the angle where the cornea and the iris meet. If this drainage system becomes blocked or the production of aqueous humor exceeds its drainage, the pressure inside the eye builds up. This increased pressure can cause damage to the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eye to the brain.
There are two main types of glaucoma: open-angle glaucoma and angle-closure glaucoma. Open-angle glaucoma is the most common form and typically develops gradually, with few symptoms in the early stages. Angle-closure glaucoma, on the other hand, occurs when the angle between the iris and the cornea becomes too narrow, leading to a sudden increase in eye pressure, which can cause severe pain and visual disturbances.
If left untreated, glaucoma can lead to permanent vision loss due to damage to the optic nerve. Treatment often involves medications to reduce intraocular pressure, laser therapy, or surgery to improve the drainage of aqueous humor. Regular eye exams are crucial for detecting glaucoma early, especially for those at higher risk, such as older adults and individuals with a family history of the disease.