cycle with the correct terms. kinetochore After S phase _ appear to share a common centromere. condensation sister chromatids During G1, cells undergo the major portion of their . FtsZ proteins During interphase, all eukaryotic cells synthesize large amounts of . SMC proteins During G2, chromosomes begin to undergo . differentiation homologous The is a disklike protein structure found at the point of chromosomes replication constriction on the chromosome. centromere tubulin growth Interphase events Complete the sentences on the control of the cell cycle with the correct terms. kinetochore After S phase appear to share a common centromere. condensation sister chromatids During G1, cells undergo the major portion of their . FtsZ proteins During interphase, all eukaryotic cells synthesize large amounts of . SMC proteins During G2, chromosomes begin to undergo . differentiation homologous The _ is a disklike protein structure found at the point of chromosomes replication constriction on the chromosome. centromere tubulin growth
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
Here’s how you can complete the sentences based on the terms provided:
- After S phase, sister chromatids appear to share a common centromere.
- After the S phase of the cell cycle, DNA replication occurs, leading to the formation of sister chromatids, two identical copies of a chromosome. These chromatids are joined together at a region called the centromere. The centromere acts as a point of attachment for the kinetochore, which is essential for chromosome segregation during cell division.
- During G1, cells undergo the major portion of their growth.
- G1 (Gap 1) is the phase of interphase where the cell grows and carries out normal cellular functions. It is the longest phase and is crucial for preparing the cell for DNA replication in the S phase. The cell also synthesizes proteins and organelles during this period, contributing to its overall growth.
- During interphase, all eukaryotic cells synthesize large amounts of tubulin.
- Tubulin is a protein that forms microtubules, which are part of the cytoskeleton and are important for cell shape, division, and intracellular transport. During interphase, cells synthesize large amounts of tubulin to prepare for the formation of the mitotic spindle, which is essential for separating chromosomes during mitosis.
- During G2, chromosomes begin to undergo condensation.
- Condensation refers to the process where the chromosomes become more tightly packed and visible under a microscope in preparation for cell division. This occurs during the G2 phase, which is the final phase of interphase before mitosis. The chromosomes are not yet fully condensed, but they begin to form a more compact structure to facilitate accurate segregation during mitosis.
- The kinetochore is a disklike protein structure found at the point of constriction on the chromosome.
- The kinetochore is a protein structure that forms at the centromere region of a chromosome. It is responsible for attaching the chromosome to the microtubules of the spindle apparatus during mitosis, enabling the chromosome to be moved and separated properly into the daughter cells. It plays a crucial role in ensuring accurate chromosome segregation.
- Differentiation refers to the process by which cells become specialized in structure and function.
- Differentiation occurs when a cell undergoes changes to become a specialized cell type, such as a muscle cell, nerve cell, or skin cell. This process is crucial for the development of multicellular organisms, where cells take on specific functions to contribute to the overall functioning of the organism.
- Homologous chromosomes are chromosomes that carry the same genes but may have different versions (alleles).
- Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes that have the same structure and gene sequence, but may carry different versions of a gene (alleles). One chromosome of each pair is inherited from each parent. These chromosomes are important during meiosis, where they undergo recombination and segregation.
In summary:
- After S phase: sister chromatids share a common centromere.
- During G1: cells undergo major growth.
- During interphase: eukaryotic cells synthesize large amounts of tubulin.
- During G2: chromosomes begin condensation.
- The kinetochore is found at the point of constriction on the chromosome.
- Differentiation refers to cell specialization.
- Homologous chromosomes carry the same genes but may have different alleles.
