Which of the answer choices is a source of genetic variation?
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is mutation.
Explanation:
Genetic variation refers to the differences in the genetic makeup among individuals within a population. This variation is critical for evolution and adaptation to changing environments. One of the primary sources of genetic variation is mutation, which is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism. Mutations can occur naturally due to errors during DNA replication or as a result of environmental factors such as radiation or chemicals. Mutations can be beneficial, neutral, or harmful to the organism, but they provide the raw material for natural selection, as beneficial mutations may give an individual a survival advantage.
There are several types of mutations, such as point mutations (where a single nucleotide is altered), insertions, deletions, and duplications. Some mutations may have no effect at all, particularly if they occur in non-coding regions of DNA. However, mutations in coding regions, particularly those that affect genes, can result in new traits that may be passed down to future generations.
Another important source of genetic variation is genetic recombination, which occurs during sexual reproduction. When two individuals reproduce, their offspring inherit a mix of genetic material from both parents. This reshuffling of genes during processes such as crossing over in meiosis leads to unique combinations of alleles, contributing to genetic diversity.
Gene flow is another factor that contributes to genetic variation, particularly in populations that are not isolated. When individuals migrate between populations, they bring new alleles, thus increasing genetic diversity.
In conclusion, while there are several mechanisms contributing to genetic variation, mutation is the fundamental source of new genetic material, upon which other processes like recombination and gene flow act to further increase genetic diversity.