For the water molecule, oxygen is electronegative than hydrogen. more 2. The difference in electronegativity signifies that the hydrogen-oxygen bond is ionic nonpolar ?? 3. According to the electronegativity difference between the atoms in water, it would be appropriate to label hydrogen with the symbol and oxygen with the symbol 4. Based on the electronegativity difference between carbon and oxygen, the bonds in carbon dioxide are polar ?? less 5. According to the electronegativity difference between the atoms in carbon dioxide, it would be appropriate to label oxygen with the symbol and carbon with the symbol 6. Based on the electronegativity difference between carbon and hydrogen, the bonds in methane are 7. According to the electronegativity difference between the atoms in methane, it would be appro label hydrogen with the symbol and carbon with the symbol
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
Let’s break down each question based on electronegativity differences and bond types:
- For the water molecule, oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen.
- Correct. Oxygen has a higher electronegativity (3.44) compared to hydrogen (2.20), making it more electronegative in the H₂O molecule.
- The difference in electronegativity signifies that the hydrogen-oxygen bond is ionic or nonpolar.
- Incorrect. The bond between oxygen and hydrogen in water is polar covalent, not ionic or nonpolar. The electronegativity difference (around 1.24) is large enough to cause partial charges on the atoms but not large enough to result in the complete transfer of electrons, which would make it ionic. Thus, the bond is polar covalent.
- According to the electronegativity difference between the atoms in water, it would be appropriate to label hydrogen with the symbol (partial positive charge, δ+) and oxygen with the symbol (partial negative charge, δ−).
- Correct. Since oxygen is more electronegative, it pulls electron density towards itself, resulting in a partial negative charge on oxygen (δ−) and partial positive charges on the hydrogen atoms (δ+).
- Based on the electronegativity difference between carbon and oxygen, the bonds in carbon dioxide are polar or nonpolar.
- Correct. The bond between carbon (2.55) and oxygen (3.44) in CO₂ is polar covalent, as there is a difference in electronegativity (around 0.89). This creates a dipole in the bonds.
- According to the electronegativity difference between the atoms in carbon dioxide, it would be appropriate to label oxygen with the symbol (partial negative charge, δ−) and carbon with the symbol (partial positive charge, δ+).
- Correct. Oxygen, being more electronegative, will have a partial negative charge (δ−), and carbon will have a partial positive charge (δ+).
- Based on the electronegativity difference between carbon and hydrogen, the bonds in methane are polar or nonpolar.
- Incorrect. The bond between carbon (2.55) and hydrogen (2.20) in methane is nonpolar covalent. The electronegativity difference (0.35) is small, which means electrons are shared equally or nearly equally between the two atoms.
- According to the electronegativity difference between the atoms in methane, it would be appropriate to label hydrogen with the symbol (partial positive charge, δ+) and carbon with the symbol (partial negative charge, δ−).
- Incorrect. Since methane is nonpolar, there is no significant difference in charge between carbon and hydrogen, so no partial charges (δ+ or δ−) are associated with them.
Summary:
- Water: Polar covalent, H (δ+) and O (δ−).
- Carbon dioxide: Polar covalent, O (δ−) and C (δ+).
- Methane: Nonpolar covalent, no partial charges.
