Identify the element as paramagnetic or diamagnetic. (a) Ti, titanium Full electron configuration = (do not use noble gas notation) Orbital box notation: 3d 4s 3p 3s 2p 2s 1s Ti is (b) Sn, tin Noble gas electron configuration = Orbital box notation: 5p 5s Sn is
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
(a) Titanium (Ti)
Full Electron Configuration:
Ti has an atomic number of 22, so its electron configuration is:
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d² 4s²
Orbital Box Notation:
The orbital box notation shows the arrangement of electrons in the orbitals:
CopyEdit1s ↑↓ 2s ↑↓ 2p ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ 3s ↑↓ 3p ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
3d ↑↓ ↑ 4s ↑↓
In the 3d orbital, Ti has 2 electrons, and in the 4s orbital, it has 2 electrons.
Paramagnetic or Diamagnetic?
Titanium is paramagnetic because it has unpaired electrons in the 3d orbital. A substance is considered paramagnetic if it has one or more unpaired electrons, which can align with an external magnetic field, causing the substance to be attracted to the field.
(b) Tin (Sn)
Noble Gas Electron Configuration:
Sn has an atomic number of 50, and its electron configuration can be written as:
[Kr] 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p²
This shows that Sn’s valence electrons are in the 5s and 5p orbitals.
Orbital Box Notation:
CopyEdit5s ↑↓ 4d ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ 5p ↑↓ ↑
Here, Sn has 2 electrons in the 5s orbital and 2 electrons in the 5p orbital. There are no unpaired electrons in the 5s orbital, but there is one unpaired electron in the 5p orbital.
Paramagnetic or Diamagnetic?
Tin is paramagnetic because it has one unpaired electron in the 5p orbital. As with titanium, the presence of unpaired electrons causes Sn to be attracted to a magnetic field.
Summary:
- Titanium (Ti) is paramagnetic due to the presence of unpaired electrons in the 3d orbital.
- Tin (Sn) is paramagnetic because of the unpaired electron in the 5p orbital.
Both elements exhibit paramagnetism because they contain unpaired electrons that align with external magnetic fields.
