Treatment of ADHD with stimulant medication such as Ritalin is thought to be effective because it
Select one: a. interferes with glutamate activity b. increases the ability to concentrate c. quiets the voices d. acts as a sedative
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is b. increases the ability to concentrate.
Stimulant medications such as Ritalin (methylphenidate) are commonly prescribed to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). These medications are believed to be effective because they help to increase the availability of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, primarily dopamine and norepinephrine. These neurotransmitters play key roles in attention, focus, and executive function, which are often impaired in individuals with ADHD.
Ritalin works by inhibiting the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine, making these chemicals more available in the synaptic cleft (the space between neurons). This leads to enhanced communication between brain regions responsible for attention, impulse control, and working memory. By increasing the levels of these neurotransmitters, Ritalin helps individuals with ADHD to improve their ability to concentrate, remain focused, and organize their thoughts.
Stimulants like Ritalin do not directly interfere with glutamate activity, which is more involved in excitatory signaling in the brain, nor do they act as sedatives or quiet “voices” in the head. While some individuals may report a calming effect, this is generally due to improved cognitive function, not sedation. The key therapeutic benefit is that stimulant medications help to balance neurotransmitter levels, which in turn supports better cognitive control and focus, addressing core symptoms of ADHD such as inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity.