A group of eye disorders resulting from increased intraocular pressure is
a. ophthalmopathy b. glaucoma c. floaters d. hypertension
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is b. glaucoma.
Glaucoma refers to a group of eye disorders that are characterized by increased intraocular pressure (IOP) within the eye. This elevated pressure can lead to damage of the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the retina to the brain. If left untreated, glaucoma can result in irreversible vision loss and even blindness.
The exact cause of the increased intraocular pressure in glaucoma is often related to problems in the eye’s drainage system, which prevents the normal outflow of aqueous humor (the fluid inside the eye). When the fluid cannot drain properly, it builds up, leading to increased pressure. Glaucoma is often referred to as the “silent thief of sight” because it typically does not cause noticeable symptoms in the early stages. Most people with glaucoma do not experience any pain or obvious visual disturbances until significant damage has already occurred.
There are two main types of glaucoma: open-angle glaucoma and angle-closure glaucoma. Open-angle glaucoma, the most common form, develops gradually and may not show symptoms until significant damage has occurred. Angle-closure glaucoma, on the other hand, develops rapidly and can cause sudden symptoms such as severe eye pain, blurred vision, nausea, and vomiting. This form of glaucoma is considered a medical emergency.
Risk factors for glaucoma include older age, family history, high intraocular pressure, certain medical conditions (like diabetes), and African or Asian ancestry. Regular eye exams are essential for detecting glaucoma early, as timely treatment can help manage the condition and prevent further damage to vision. Treatments often include eye drops to lower intraocular pressure, oral medications, laser therapy, or surgery in more advanced cases.