What does Translation require?
a. tRNA
b. mRNA
c. rRNA
d. All the above
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is d. All the above.
Explanation:
Translation is the process through which proteins are synthesized from messenger RNA (mRNA) templates. It takes place in the cytoplasm and involves various types of RNA. Here’s how each of the components is involved:
- tRNA (Transfer RNA):
tRNA is crucial for translation because it brings the correct amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis. Each tRNA molecule has an anticodon region that is complementary to a codon on the mRNA strand. The tRNA molecule also carries a specific amino acid corresponding to the codon it pairs with. This ensures the correct amino acid sequence is added to the growing polypeptide chain. - mRNA (Messenger RNA):
mRNA serves as the template for translation. It is transcribed from DNA in the nucleus and then transported to the ribosome in the cytoplasm. The mRNA contains a series of codons, each consisting of three nucleotides. Each codon specifies a particular amino acid. The ribosome reads these codons in sequence to assemble the polypeptide chain. - rRNA (Ribosomal RNA):
rRNA is a key structural and functional component of ribosomes. The ribosome consists of two subunits, one large and one small, both of which are made up of rRNA and proteins. During translation, the rRNA helps catalyze the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids, thus facilitating the protein synthesis process. It also provides the platform where mRNA and tRNA can interact efficiently.
In summary, all three types of RNA—tRNA, mRNA, and rRNA—are essential for translation. The mRNA carries the genetic code, the tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome, and the rRNA forms the core of the ribosome where protein synthesis occurs. Each plays a critical role in ensuring that the genetic information is accurately translated into a functional protein.