The chemical composition of soil is influenced by its
A parent material.
B. living organisms,
C. structure.
D.PH
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is A. parent material.
The chemical composition of soil is primarily influenced by the parent material, which refers to the original rock or organic material from which the soil forms. Parent material provides the minerals and nutrients that contribute to the soil’s chemical makeup. Over time, weathering processes break down these materials into smaller particles that become incorporated into the soil. The mineral content of the parent material affects the soil’s pH, nutrient availability, and mineral composition.
While other factors, such as living organisms, soil structure, and pH, do play significant roles in soil composition, they do so in indirect ways. For example, living organisms like plants, microorganisms, and animals contribute organic matter to the soil, which affects its fertility and nutrient content. However, these organisms rely on the parent material for the basic minerals and nutrients they need. Soil structure, which refers to the arrangement of soil particles, influences water retention and root penetration but does not significantly alter the chemical composition of the soil itself.
Soil pH, on the other hand, can be influenced by the parent material. For instance, soils derived from limestone tend to be more alkaline, while those derived from granite are more acidic. While pH affects nutrient availability, it is the parent material that largely determines the soil’s initial chemical properties.
In summary, the parent material is the primary determinant of the chemical composition of the soil. Although living organisms, soil structure, and pH can modify soil properties, the foundational elements stem from the parent material from which the soil develops.