What do lung cancer and emphysema have in common? A They both occur among almost everybody as they get older. B They are both caused by the buildup of carbon dioxide in the lungs. C They are both normal side effects of respiration. D They are both caused by smoking.
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
The correct answer is D: They are both caused by smoking.
Explanation:
Lung cancer and emphysema share a common cause, which is smoking. Smoking introduces harmful chemicals into the lungs, including carcinogens (cancer-causing agents) and toxins that damage lung tissue over time.
- Lung Cancer:
- Lung cancer is one of the most common and deadliest forms of cancer worldwide. Smoking is the primary cause of lung cancer, responsible for up to 85% of cases. The chemicals in tobacco smoke can damage the DNA in lung cells, leading to mutations that promote the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells. This results in the formation of tumors in the lungs, which can spread to other parts of the body (metastasize).
- Emphysema:
- Emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a progressive lung condition that damages the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs. These air sacs are responsible for exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide, but smoking causes inflammation and damage to them. Over time, the lung tissue breaks down, leading to the loss of elasticity in the alveoli. As a result, the lungs cannot effectively expel air, leading to difficulty breathing and reduced oxygen intake.
- Smoking is the primary cause of emphysema, as it triggers the release of enzymes that damage the lung tissue, particularly the walls of the alveoli. This makes it difficult for the lungs to expand and contract properly, affecting the respiratory function.
Both lung cancer and emphysema are diseases that primarily affect smokers, though non-smokers can also develop these conditions due to factors like secondhand smoke exposure, genetics, and environmental pollutants. However, the link between smoking and these diseases is well-documented, making it the primary common factor between them.
Thus, smoking is a major risk factor for both conditions, and avoiding or quitting smoking is the most effective way to reduce the risk of developing them.
