Using key choices, complete the following statements. Insert the appropriate letter(s) or term(s) in the answer blanks. Key Choices A. Arrector pili B. Cutaneous receptors C. Hair D. Hair follicle(s) E. Sebaceous glands F. Sweat gland (apocrine) G. Sweat gland (eccrine) 1. A blackhead is an accumulation of oily material produced by () 2. Tiny muscles attached to hair follicles that pull the hair upright during fright or cold are called (2) 3. The most numerous variety of perspiration gland is the (3) 4. A sheath formed of both epithelial and connective tissues is the (4) 5. A less numerous variety of perspiration gland is the (5). Its secretion (often milky in appearance) contains proteins and other substances that favor bacterial growth. 6. (6) is found everywhere on the body except the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, and lips, and primarily consists of dead keratinized cells. 7. (7) are specialized nerve endings that respond to temperature and touch, for example. 8. (8) become more active at puberty. 9. Part of the heat-liberating apparatus of the body is the (9)
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
Here are the correct answers for the blanks, with explanations:
- A. Sebaceous glands
A blackhead is an accumulation of oily material produced by sebaceous glands. These glands are responsible for secreting sebum, an oily substance that lubricates and waterproofs the skin. When sebaceous glands become clogged, often due to excessive sebum production, it can result in blackheads or acne. - A. Arrector pili
Tiny muscles attached to hair follicles that pull the hair upright during fright or cold are called arrector pili muscles. These muscles contract when a person is cold or experiences strong emotions (like fear), which causes the hair to stand up, creating “goosebumps.” This reaction is a vestigial reflex to make animals appear larger when threatened. - G. Sweat gland (eccrine)
The most numerous variety of perspiration gland is the eccrine sweat gland. These glands are found all over the body, especially in areas like the palms, soles of the feet, and forehead. They are responsible for regulating body temperature by releasing a watery secretion (sweat) that cools the body as it evaporates. - D. Hair follicle(s)
A sheath formed of both epithelial and connective tissues is the hair follicle. The hair follicle is the structure in the skin where hair growth originates. It anchors the hair and contains cells that divide and produce the hair shaft, which grows out of the skin. - F. Sweat gland (apocrine)
A less numerous variety of perspiration gland is the apocrine sweat gland. These glands are larger and found mainly in the armpits and genital areas. Their secretion is often milky and contains proteins and lipids that can support bacterial growth, which contributes to body odor. - C. Hair
Hair is found everywhere on the body except the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, and lips, and primarily consists of dead keratinized cells. Hair serves various functions, such as insulation, protection from the sun, and sensory input. - B. Cutaneous receptors
Cutaneous receptors are specialized nerve endings that respond to stimuli such as temperature, pressure, and touch. These receptors allow us to sense and respond to our environment by detecting changes in the skin, such as heat, cold, or pressure. - E. Sebaceous glands
Sebaceous glands become more active at puberty. During puberty, hormonal changes increase the production of sebum, leading to oilier skin and sometimes acne. The increased activity of sebaceous glands is influenced by hormonal fluctuations, particularly the rise in androgens. - G. Sweat gland (eccrine)
Part of the heat-liberating apparatus of the body is the eccrine sweat gland. These glands help regulate body temperature by producing sweat, which cools the body through evaporation. The eccrine sweat glands are particularly important in maintaining homeostasis during physical activity or in hot environments.
By understanding the roles and functions of these components, we can better appreciate how the integumentary system (the skin and its appendages) contributes to overall body function, including protection, temperature regulation, and sensory input
