Draw either the complete condensed structural formulas for acetic acid, ethanol, and the ester that forms when they combine: Acetic acid Ethanol Ester (ethyl ethanoate) H2O Draw either the complete or condensed structural formulas for the amines you built: Ethanamine Triethylamine
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
. Acetic Acid (CH₃COOH)
Acetic acid is a simple carboxylic acid with the formula CH₃COOH. The structure can be represented as follows:
- Condensed Structural Formula: CH₃COOH
- The structure consists of a methyl group (CH₃) attached to a carbonyl group (C=O), which in turn is bonded to a hydroxyl group (OH). This gives acetic acid its acidic nature due to the hydrogen ion that can dissociate from the hydroxyl group.
Structure:
H₃C - C = O
|
OH
2. Ethanol (C₂H₅OH)
Ethanol is an alcohol with the formula C₂H₅OH. It consists of a two-carbon chain with a hydroxyl group attached to the second carbon.
- Condensed Structural Formula: CH₃CH₂OH
- The hydroxyl group makes ethanol soluble in water and gives it its characteristic properties.
Structure:
mathematicaCopyEdit H₃C - CH₂ - OH
3. Ester (Ethyl Ethanoate, C₄H₈O₂)
When acetic acid and ethanol react, they undergo an esterification reaction to form ethyl ethanoate (also known as ethyl acetate), and water as a byproduct. The esterification is a condensation reaction where water is eliminated.
- Condensed Structural Formula: CH₃COOCH₂CH₃
- The ester functional group is represented by the -COO- linkage, where a carbonyl group (C=O) is attached to an oxygen atom, which in turn is bonded to an ethyl group (CH₂CH₃).
Structure:
H₃C - C = O
|
O - CH₂ - CH₃
4. Ethanamine (C₂H₅NH₂)
Ethanamine is a simple amine with the formula C₂H₅NH₂. It consists of an ethyl group (CH₃CH₂-) attached to an amine group (-NH₂).
- Condensed Structural Formula: CH₃CH₂NH₂
Structure:
H₃C - CH₂ - NH₂
5. Triethylamine (C₆H₁₅N)
Triethylamine is a tertiary amine where three ethyl groups are bonded to a nitrogen atom.
- Condensed Structural Formula: (C₂H₅)₃N
- In this case, the nitrogen is central and bonded to three ethyl groups, each consisting of a two-carbon chain.
Structure:
CH₃CH₂ - N - CH₂CH₃
|
CH₃CH₂
Explanation:
The condensed structural formulas represent molecules in a simplified form, showing only the essential atoms and their connectivity without explicitly drawing every bond. These formulas are useful for quickly representing molecular structures.
- Acetic acid has the functional group -COOH, characteristic of carboxylic acids. It has the ability to donate a proton (H⁺), making it an acid.
- Ethanol, an alcohol, contains a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a saturated carbon chain. Its ability to form hydrogen bonds makes it highly soluble in water.
- Ethyl ethanoate is an ester, formed through a condensation reaction between acetic acid and ethanol. Esters are often fragrant and commonly used in perfumes.
- Ethanamine has a primary amine group (-NH₂) attached to an ethyl group. Amines act as bases because the nitrogen can accept a proton.
- Triethylamine is a tertiary amine where the nitrogen is bonded to three ethyl groups. It is often used as a base in organic reactions due to the availability of the nitrogen lone pair.
