Classify each of the following as a typical characteristic of either a metal or an ionic compound. usually exist as shiny solids at room temperature are malleable and ductile (i.e. can be tooled into sheets and wires) conduct heat and electricity well do not conduct electricity in the solid state are usually hard, brittle, and rigid 1. metal 2. ionic compound
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
- Usually exist as shiny solids at room temperature – Metal
- Metals are known for their luster, which gives them a shiny appearance. This is due to their ability to reflect light off their smooth surfaces, a characteristic that results from the free-moving electrons in their metallic bonding. These electrons can absorb and re-emit light, contributing to the metallic shine.
- Are malleable and ductile (i.e., can be tooled into sheets and wires) – Metal
- Malleability and ductility are properties of metals, meaning they can be hammered into thin sheets or drawn into wires without breaking. This is because metals have a crystalline structure that allows the layers of atoms to slide over each other relatively easily, without disrupting the entire structure. The free-moving electrons in metals help maintain the cohesion between atoms as they rearrange.
- Conduct heat and electricity well – Metal
- Metals are excellent conductors of heat and electricity due to their free-moving electrons. In a metal, these delocalized electrons can carry both thermal energy and electrical charge throughout the material. This is why metals like copper and aluminum are widely used in electrical wiring and heat exchangers.
- Do not conduct electricity in the solid state – Ionic compound
- Ionic compounds, such as sodium chloride, do not conduct electricity in their solid state because their ions are locked in a rigid lattice and cannot move freely. However, when ionic compounds are dissolved in water or melted, the ions are free to move, allowing them to conduct electricity.
- Are usually hard, brittle, and rigid – Ionic compound
- Ionic compounds are typically hard and brittle because of the strong electrostatic forces between the positively and negatively charged ions in the crystal lattice. However, when sufficient force is applied, the lattice can break apart, making them brittle. These compounds are also rigid due to the strong ionic bonds holding their structures together.
In summary:
- Metals: Shiny, malleable, ductile, good conductors of heat and electricity, solid in form.
- Ionic compounds: Hard, brittle, rigid, and poor conductors in solid form but conduct in liquid or dissolved states.
