Explain the process of condensation with the help of kinetic theory of matter
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
Condensation is the process where a gas transforms into a liquid when its temperature decreases or its pressure increases. According to the kinetic theory of matter, the behavior of particles in different states (solid, liquid, or gas) can be explained based on their motion and interactions.
In a gas, particles are in constant motion, moving rapidly in all directions. They have high kinetic energy, which allows them to overcome attractive forces between them and remain far apart. As a result, a gas has neither a fixed shape nor a fixed volume, and the particles move freely in the space available.
When the temperature of the gas decreases, the average kinetic energy of its particles also decreases. As the particles slow down, they no longer have enough energy to overcome the attractive forces between them. This reduction in kinetic energy allows these attractive forces to pull the particles closer together. As the particles move closer, they begin to form clusters, and eventually, the gas changes into a liquid phase, which is known as condensation.
The kinetic theory also explains that during condensation, as particles lose kinetic energy, they move slower, and their distance from each other reduces. This results in a decrease in the volume of the substance, as the liquid phase is much denser than the gas phase. The process of condensation is also associated with the release of latent heat, which is the energy released when gas particles transition into a liquid state.
In summary, condensation occurs when the kinetic energy of gas particles decreases, causing them to slow down and move closer together under the influence of intermolecular forces. As the gas particles condense into a liquid, energy is released in the form of latent heat.
