The nurse is caring for a client with a severe protein deficiency

The nurse is caring for a client with a severe protein deficiency. What other deficiency would the nurse anticipate to find in this client?

The correct answer and explanation is:

In a client with severe protein deficiency, the nurse would anticipate a deficiency in vitamin A.

Explanation:

Protein malnutrition, particularly when it is severe, can affect various bodily systems and lead to several nutrient deficiencies. One common deficiency that often accompanies severe protein deficiency is vitamin A deficiency. This occurs because protein is essential for the proper absorption and transport of fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamin A. Protein deficiency impairs the synthesis of retinol-binding protein (RBP), which is necessary to transport vitamin A from the liver to other tissues. Without adequate RBP, the body cannot effectively utilize vitamin A, despite it being available in the diet.

Vitamin A plays a crucial role in maintaining healthy vision, immune function, skin health, and cellular growth. A deficiency in this vitamin can lead to night blindness, a condition where individuals have difficulty seeing in low-light conditions. In severe cases, it can also lead to xerophthalmia, a condition characterized by dry eyes and damage to the cornea, which may result in blindness if not addressed.

Additionally, clients with protein deficiency are at risk for other complications, such as edema (fluid retention), muscle wasting, and immune system dysfunction due to the body’s inability to synthesize antibodies and other proteins needed for immune defense. This weakened immune function further increases susceptibility to infections, which can exacerbate existing deficiencies.

Nurses must assess the client’s nutritional intake and ensure proper management to address both protein and vitamin A deficiencies. Correcting protein levels through nutritional support, such as incorporating protein-rich foods or supplements, and addressing vitamin A levels by adding foods rich in vitamin A (like leafy greens, orange vegetables, and liver) can improve the client’s overall health and prevent further complications.