What cell is extracted from blood to test for the faulty BRAC2 gene
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
The cell that is typically extracted from blood to test for the faulty BRCA2 gene is the white blood cell, or leukocyte.
White blood cells are the primary immune cells of the body and are commonly extracted during blood tests because they contain DNA, which can be analyzed for genetic mutations. This is important in genetic testing for inherited conditions, including breast cancer susceptibility genes like BRCA1 and BRCA2.
The BRCA2 gene is one of the key genes associated with an increased risk of breast, ovarian, and other cancers. Mutations in BRCA2 can impair the gene’s ability to repair DNA damage, leading to genetic instability, which is a hallmark of cancer development. The BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are involved in the repair of double-strand breaks in DNA through a process called homologous recombination. A mutation in either gene increases the risk of cancer significantly, particularly in individuals with family histories of these conditions.
When conducting a BRCA2 genetic test, blood is drawn from the patient, and the white blood cells are isolated. The DNA is extracted from these cells and then analyzed for specific mutations or alterations in the BRCA2 gene sequence. Typically, next-generation sequencing (NGS) or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to identify mutations. These tests can pinpoint the presence of mutations such as point mutations, insertions, deletions, or larger structural rearrangements in the gene.
The results of the BRCA2 test are crucial for assessing cancer risk and guiding medical decisions. If a mutation is detected, individuals may be advised to take preventive measures, such as enhanced screening, prophylactic surgeries, or even medications that reduce cancer risk. Therefore, accurate detection through genetic testing is critical for personalized healthcare.
