The process of acquiring a second culture, layered on top of the first or integrated with the first is called:
immigration
acculturation
assimilation
enculturation
accommodation
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is acculturation.
Acculturation refers to the process by which individuals or groups from one culture come into contact with another culture and gradually adopt elements of the second culture. This occurs without completely replacing or abandoning the original culture. Acculturation typically involves the exchange of cultural traits, such as language, customs, food, and social behaviors, between the two groups. It is a common phenomenon in immigrant populations, where people assimilate aspects of the dominant culture while still retaining key features of their original culture.
The process can occur in various degrees, from superficial adoption of cultural practices to deeper integration of cultural norms. Acculturation is not always a one-way process, and both cultures may influence each other over time. This is different from assimilation, which is the process where a minority group gradually adopts the practices and norms of the dominant culture, often losing its original cultural identity in the process.
Unlike immigration, which refers to the act of moving to a new country, acculturation focuses on the cultural integration and adaptation that takes place after migration. Enculturation, on the other hand, is the process by which individuals learn and adopt their original culture, usually in childhood, without external cultural influences. Accommodation refers to adjusting one’s behavior or beliefs to coexist with different cultural or social norms, but it is often more temporary or situational than acculturation.
In summary, acculturation involves the blending of cultures, where individuals or groups incorporate elements of a new culture while retaining aspects of their original culture. This process can lead to a rich, hybrid cultural identity that reflects both influences.