Sickle cell anemia is an example of an abnormality with?
Physiology only
Anatomy only
Anatomy and physiology
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is Anatomy and physiology.
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder that affects both the anatomy and physiology of the body. It is caused by a mutation in the hemoglobin gene, leading to the production of an abnormal form of hemoglobin called hemoglobin S (HbS). This alteration affects the structure and function of red blood cells, which is why sickle cell anemia involves both anatomical and physiological abnormalities.
Anatomy:
The anatomical aspect of sickle cell anemia involves the red blood cells, which under normal circumstances are round and flexible. However, in individuals with sickle cell anemia, the red blood cells become rigid, crescent-shaped, and have a decreased ability to flow smoothly through small blood vessels. This abnormal shape is a direct result of the mutated hemoglobin. These sickle-shaped cells can obstruct blood flow, causing blockages in capillaries and leading to tissue damage and pain, known as sickle cell crises. Over time, the body’s organs, such as the spleen and kidneys, may also be damaged due to the inefficient filtering of these abnormal cells.
Physiology:
On the physiological side, sickle cell anemia affects the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. The abnormal hemoglobin in sickle cells tends to clump together and form long, stiff fibers. This impairs the ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen effectively. Additionally, the sickle cells have a much shorter lifespan than normal red blood cells (about 10-20 days compared to 120 days), leading to a constant state of anemia. The body attempts to compensate for this anemia by producing more red blood cells, which further contributes to other complications, such as fatigue and weakness.
Thus, sickle cell anemia is a disorder that involves both the structure (anatomy) and function (physiology) of blood cells, making it a complex condition that impacts multiple systems in the body.