Identify the wrong statement from the following: Question 3 options: A) Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of random motions of atoms/molecules. B) Heat is the flow of thermal energy. C) The thermal energy of an object is the sum total of the kinetic energy of random motions of all its atoms/molecules. D) Heat flows from an object with a higher thermal energy into an object with a lower thermal energy. E) A temperature difference is necessary for heat flow.
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
The correct answer is D) Heat flows from an object with a higher thermal energy into an object with a lower thermal energy.
Explanation:
Let’s break down each statement:
A) Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of random motions of atoms/molecules.
- This statement is true. Temperature is indeed a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance. The faster the particles move, the higher the temperature of the substance.
B) Heat is the flow of thermal energy.
- This statement is true. Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from one body or system to another due to a temperature difference.
C) The thermal energy of an object is the sum total of the kinetic energy of random motions of all its atoms/molecules.
- This statement is true. The total thermal energy of an object is the sum of the kinetic energy of all its particles (atoms, molecules) as they move randomly.
D) Heat flows from an object with a higher thermal energy into an object with a lower thermal energy.
- This statement is incorrect. Heat flows from a higher temperature object to a lower temperature object, not necessarily from an object with higher thermal energy to one with lower thermal energy. Thermal energy depends on both temperature and the amount of substance (mass), so an object with a higher thermal energy could still have a lower temperature than another object. Heat transfer occurs because of the temperature difference, not because of the total thermal energy difference.
E) A temperature difference is necessary for heat flow.
- This statement is true. For heat to flow from one object to another, there must be a temperature difference between the objects. Without this difference, there is no heat transfer.
So, D is the incorrect statement because it misrepresents the condition for heat flow. Heat transfer is driven by temperature differences, not by differences in total thermal energy.
