What is full form CMOS ?
A. Content Metal Oxide Semiconductor
B. Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
C. Complementary Metal Oxygen Semiconductor
D. Complementary Metal Oscilator Semiconductor
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is B. Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor.
CMOS stands for Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor, which refers to a technology used for constructing integrated circuits. CMOS technology is widely used in the design and fabrication of microchips such as microprocessors, memory chips, and other digital logic circuits. It combines both n-type (negative) and p-type (positive) transistors in a complementary manner, which gives it several advantages over other technologies.
In a CMOS device, the n-type and p-type transistors are arranged so that when one transistor is turned on, the other is turned off. This complementary operation reduces the overall power consumption of the device. When no power is being used, both transistors are off, leading to almost zero power consumption in the idle state. This makes CMOS highly energy-efficient compared to other transistor technologies, such as Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT), which consume more power even when not actively switching.
CMOS technology also provides higher noise immunity, meaning it is less susceptible to electrical interference. This is important for the reliability and performance of digital circuits. The use of silicon oxide as an insulating material between the gate and the channel in the transistors ensures minimal current leakage and, therefore, low power dissipation. Over time, CMOS technology has enabled the development of very fast and compact chips with a high level of integration, supporting the growing demands of modern electronic devices such as smartphones, computers, and other digital systems.
Another key advantage of CMOS is that it allows for scaling down the size of integrated circuits, which is crucial for creating faster, more efficient devices. This capability has been a major driving force behind the development of microelectronics over the past several decades.