Part C What is the name for the acid formed from the ion perchlorate, ClO
? Spell out the full name of the compound. Name: Submit Previous Answers Request Answer Incorrect; Try Again; 4 attempts remaining Part D Enter the formula for the acid formed from the ion perchlorate, ClO
. Express your answer as a chemical formula. Formula: Submit Request Answer Part E What is the name for the acid formed from the ion phosphate, PO
? Spell out the full name of the compound. Name:
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
Of course. Here are the correct answers and a detailed explanation.
Part C Answer:
Perchloric acid
Part D Answer:
HClO₄
Part E Answer:
Phosphoric acid
Explanation
The process of naming acids and determining their chemical formulas from their corresponding polyatomic ions follows specific nomenclature rules in chemistry.
An acid is a molecular compound that forms hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in water. It is created by combining an anion (a negatively charged ion) with enough hydrogen ions to neutralize the anion’s charge.
Naming Oxyacids (Acids Containing Oxygen)
The name of an acid derived from a polyatomic ion depends on the suffix of the ion’s name.
- If the anion’s name ends in -ate, the corresponding acid’s name ends in -ic acid.
- If the anion’s name ends in -ite, the corresponding acid’s name ends in -ous acid.
Part C: Name of the acid from Perchlorate (ClO₄⁻)
The ion given is perchlorate (ClO₄⁻). Following the rule, since the anion name ends in “-ate,” we change this suffix to “-ic acid.” Therefore, the acid formed from the perchlorate ion is called perchloric acid.
Part D: Formula for Perchloric Acid
To write the chemical formula, we must balance the charges of the ions. The hydrogen ion has a charge of 1+ (H⁺), and the perchlorate ion has a charge of 1- (ClO₄⁻). To create a neutral compound, one hydrogen ion is needed to balance the charge of one perchlorate ion. By convention, the cation (H⁺) is written first, followed by the anion (ClO₄⁻). This gives the chemical formula HClO₄.
Part E: Name of the acid from Phosphate (PO₄³⁻)
The ion is phosphate (PO₄³⁻). Since its name ends in “-ate,” the acid’s name will end in “-ic acid.” For anions containing phosphorus or sulfur, the root of the element name is fully retained for easier pronunciation. So, “phosphate” becomes phosphoric acid, not “phosphic acid.” Similarly, sulfate (SO₄²⁻) becomes sulfuric acid. The chemical formula for this acid would be H₃PO₄, as three H⁺ ions are needed to balance the 3- charge of the phosphate ion.
