Humans usually acquire Q fever from which of the following? Multiple select question. Tick bites Passing through the birth canal Contact with infected clothes/bedding Airborne particles Contaminated animal material
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
Humans usually acquire Q fever through airborne particles and contaminated animal material.
Explanation:
Q fever is caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetii, which is typically found in animals like cattle, sheep, and goats. The primary mode of transmission to humans is inhalation of airborne particles containing the bacteria. These particles are often released when infected animals give birth, especially when their placenta or other bodily fluids are handled or disturbed. Infected animal materials, such as urine, feces, and milk, can also harbor Coxiella burnetii, and people who come into contact with these materials are at risk.
Airborne transmission occurs when the bacteria is aerosolized from animal products, particularly during birthing seasons. The bacteria can survive in the environment for a long time, making it possible for people working in farms, slaughterhouses, or veterinary clinics to be exposed via inhalation.
Contaminated animal material includes the placenta or other bodily fluids from infected animals. Direct contact with these materials is a major risk factor, as they often contain high concentrations of the bacteria.
Other routes of transmission, like tick bites or passing through the birth canal, are not common for Q fever. Although Coxiella burnetii is carried by ticks in some cases, the bite is not a significant means of human infection. Similarly, while Coxiella burnetii can be transmitted during childbirth from mother to infant, this is rare. Contact with infected clothes or bedding is also unlikely to be a primary source of infection, as the bacteria typically needs to be aerosolized for effective transmission.
