The process by which a population changes overtime is referred to as
The correct answer and explanation is:
The process by which a population changes over time is referred to as evolution.
Evolution is the change in the genetic composition of a population over successive generations. It occurs through various mechanisms such as natural selection, genetic drift, mutations, and gene flow. Each of these processes contributes to how organisms adapt to their environments, potentially leading to the formation of new species.
- Natural Selection is the most well-known mechanism of evolution. It refers to the process by which individuals with traits that are better suited to their environment have a higher likelihood of surviving and reproducing. Over time, these beneficial traits become more common in the population. For example, in environments with predators, animals that are better camouflaged are more likely to survive.
- Genetic Drift involves random changes in the frequency of alleles in a population, especially in small populations. These changes happen due to chance, not because of natural selection. For instance, if a natural disaster wipes out a portion of a population, the surviving individuals may not represent the genetic diversity of the original population.
- Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that can introduce new genetic variation into a population. While most mutations are neutral or harmful, some can be beneficial and increase the fitness of an organism in its environment.
- Gene Flow refers to the movement of genes between populations due to migration. When individuals from one population migrate to another, they can introduce new genetic material, which can alter the genetic makeup of the receiving population.
These mechanisms combined can result in gradual changes in a population over time. Over long periods, this can lead to the emergence of new species, a process known as speciation. Evolution is responsible for the diversity of life on Earth and is driven by changes in the environment, genetics, and the interactions between organisms.