Intestinal bacteria that can influence energy balance are known as:
A obesogenic.
B obligate aerobes.
C gastrointestinal viruses.
D microbiota.
E lipoprotein activators.
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is D) microbiota.
Intestinal bacteria that influence energy balance are collectively referred to as the gut microbiota. The human gut contains a vast array of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, which collectively play a crucial role in digestion, metabolism, and overall health. The gut microbiota helps break down complex carbohydrates, synthesize vitamins, and protect against harmful pathogens.
In the context of energy balance, the gut microbiota is particularly important. It influences the efficiency of nutrient absorption, regulates the production of certain hormones like ghrelin (the hunger hormone) and leptin (which helps regulate fat storage), and affects the way the body processes and stores fat. Studies have shown that the gut microbiota can influence body weight, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation, all of which are critical factors in energy balance.
Some bacteria in the microbiota may promote the extraction of more energy from food, potentially contributing to weight gain and obesity, while others may help prevent excessive fat storage. This has led to the concept of the “obesogenic” microbiota, which is a microbiome composition that may promote obesity by favoring the absorption of energy from food. Conversely, a “lean” microbiota composition may support better energy balance and weight management.
Therefore, the gut microbiota plays a key role in influencing energy balance, affecting how the body processes and stores nutrients, and contributing to the overall regulation of metabolism. Researchers are continuing to explore how the gut microbiota can be modulated to prevent or treat metabolic disorders like obesity and diabetes.