What are the two disease resulting from malfunction of immune system?
The correct answer and explanation is:
Two diseases that result from the malfunction of the immune system are autoimmune diseases and immunodeficiency diseases.
- Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own cells, tissues, and organs. This happens because the immune system is unable to distinguish between foreign invaders (like bacteria or viruses) and the body’s normal cells. One common autoimmune disease is rheumatoid arthritis, where the immune system attacks the joints, causing inflammation and pain. Another example is type 1 diabetes, where the immune system attacks the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, leading to high blood sugar levels. Autoimmune diseases can affect various organs and systems in the body, causing a range of symptoms depending on which part of the body is targeted.
- Immunodeficiency diseases occur when the immune system is weakened and unable to properly defend the body against infections. This can be either primary (congenital) or secondary (acquired). Primary immunodeficiency diseases are typically inherited and occur due to genetic mutations that impair immune cell function. An example is Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID), a rare genetic disorder where the immune system is severely compromised, making it difficult for the body to fight infections. Secondary immunodeficiency diseases occur when the immune system is weakened due to external factors, such as infections, medications, or malnutrition. HIV/AIDS is a well-known example, where the virus attacks the immune system, specifically the CD4+ T cells, leading to a compromised immune response.
Both types of diseases highlight the importance of a properly functioning immune system for maintaining health. When the immune system malfunctions, either by attacking the body’s own cells or being unable to defend against infections, it leads to significant health challenges.