Which condition is the loss of transparency of the lens of the eye?
a. cataract
b. hemianopia
c. glaucoma
d. photophobia
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is a. cataract.
A cataract is a condition in which the lens of the eye becomes cloudy or opaque, leading to a loss of transparency. The lens is a clear, flexible structure in the eye that focuses light onto the retina. When a cataract develops, it scatters light entering the eye, which impairs vision. This cloudiness typically develops slowly, often making it hard for a person to notice changes in their vision until the cataract becomes more advanced.
Cataracts are commonly associated with aging, as the proteins in the lens start to break down and clump together, forming cloudy areas. However, other factors can contribute to cataract formation, such as genetics, diabetes, prolonged use of certain medications like corticosteroids, and eye injuries. Smoking and excessive exposure to sunlight without protection can also increase the risk of developing cataracts.
Symptoms of cataracts include blurred or cloudy vision, difficulty seeing at night, sensitivity to light, and seeing double. These symptoms tend to worsen over time. In its early stages, a cataract may be treated with corrective glasses or brighter lighting. However, as the condition progresses, surgery is typically required. Cataract surgery involves removing the cloudy lens and replacing it with an artificial intraocular lens (IOL).
While cataracts are a leading cause of blindness worldwide, they are treatable, and most people experience significant improvements in vision after surgery. Early detection and regular eye check-ups are important for preventing severe vision impairment.