Which of the following is a factor linked to Alzheimer’s disease?
A The presence of two X chromosomes.
B Deposits of protein in the brain.
C Overly-dense neural connections.
D Deficiency in dopamine-producing neurons.
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is B) Deposits of protein in the brain.
Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is primarily linked to the buildup of abnormal protein deposits in the brain. The two key proteins involved are amyloid-beta and tau. Amyloid-beta forms plaques that accumulate between neurons, disrupting communication and leading to inflammation. Tau proteins, which are typically involved in stabilizing the structure of neurons, become tangled inside brain cells, disrupting their function.
These protein deposits interfere with the brain’s ability to function normally. The amyloid plaques tend to form first in regions of the brain involved in memory and learning, such as the hippocampus, which is why memory loss is one of the earliest symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. Tau tangles, on the other hand, accumulate in the brain’s neurons and cause them to lose their ability to function and communicate with each other.
The presence of these protein deposits is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease and is considered a central factor in its development. However, it is also important to note that other factors may contribute to the disease, including genetics, age, and lifestyle choices. In fact, some genetic mutations, such as those on the APOE gene, increase the risk of developing Alzheimer’s. Aging is the most significant risk factor, and lifestyle factors like diet, physical activity, and mental stimulation can influence the disease’s progression.
In contrast to the other answer choices, deposits of protein are directly linked to the brain pathology seen in Alzheimer’s, whereas factors like overly-dense neural connections or dopamine deficiencies are not central causes of the disease. The presence of two X chromosomes is associated with female biology, but it is not directly related to Alzheimer’s risk.