The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
Correct Answer: topology
The way a network is configured is called the topology.
Network topology is a fundamental concept in information technology and computer science that refers to the arrangement and interconnection of the various elements of a computer network. These elements include nodes (such as computers, servers, switches, and routers) and the links (such as cables or wireless connections) that connect them. The topology essentially defines the network’s structure and layout.
There are two primary categories of network topology:
- Physical Topology: This describes the actual physical layout of the network’s devices and cabling. It is the tangible arrangement that you can see and touch. Common examples of physical topologies include:
- Star Topology: All devices are connected to a central hub or switch. This is the most common topology used in modern LANs.
- Bus Topology: All devices are connected to a single central cable, called the bus or backbone.
- Ring Topology: Devices are connected in a circular loop, with data passing from one device to the next.
- Mesh Topology: Every device is connected to every other device, providing high redundancy.
- Tree Topology: A hybrid topology that combines characteristics of star and bus topologies.
- Logical Topology: This describes how data actually flows through the network between devices, regardless of their physical connections. The logical topology is not always the same as the physical topology. For example, a network might be physically wired in a star configuration, but it could logically operate as a bus network, where every message is broadcast to all devices.
The choice of topology is a critical decision in network design, as it directly impacts the network’s cost, performance, scalability, and fault tolerance. Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages, making the selection dependent on the specific needs and goals of the organization.
