Physical Development: Infants<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Physical Development: By Age 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Physical Development: Toddlers
*Love to run<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Physical Development: By Age 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Physical Development: Middle Childhood: 6-10 Years<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Physical Development: Adolescence: 10-18 Years<\/p>\n\n\n\n
At which developmental stage would a child be expected to tie shoes?
Primary school<\/p>\n\n\n\n
How does female growth differ than male growth during the adolescent stage?
Females usually complete physical growth before males<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Which characteristic is consistent with a student in the early childhood physical development stage?
Ties shoelaces<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Which characteristic is consistent with a student in the middle childhood physical development stage?
Refining of motor coordination<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Piaget<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vygotsky<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Piaget Stages<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sensorimotor Stage
(Birth – 2 years)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Preoperational Stage
(Preschool\/Kinder)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Concrete Operational Stage
(Elementary)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Formal Operational Stage
(Middle school\/High school)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vygotsky Stages<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Erikson – Psychosocial (8 Stages of Identity Development)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trust vs. Mistrust<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Initiative vs. Guilt<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Industry vs. Inferiority<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Identity vs. Role Confusion<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Intimacy vs. Isolation<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kohlberg Stages of Moral Development<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Preconventional<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Conventional<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Postconventional<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Chomsky
Theory of Universal Grammar – Innate\/Biological<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Chomsky – Babbling<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Chomsky – Holophrastic<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Chomsky – Two-word<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Chomsky – Telegraphic<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Chomsky – Later multiword<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Skinner Language Development
Operant Conditioning and Language Development<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Skinner Operant Conditioning and Language Development<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vygotsky Language Development
Social Approach to Language Development<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vygotsky Social Approach to Language Development<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Spearman Intelligence Theory
General Intelligence<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Thurnstone Intelligence Theory
7 factor intelligence<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sternberg Intelligence Theory
Successful Intelligence<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gardner Intelligence Theory
Multiple Intelligences<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Spearman’s General Intelligence<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Thurnstone’s 7 factor intelligence<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sternberg’s Successful Intelligence<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Behavioral<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Constructivist<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cooperative\/Collaborative<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Information-Processing<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Social Cognitive<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Humanistic<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Classroom Assessment: When to assess<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Formative Assessment<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Summative Assessment<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Classroom Assessment: How to Assess<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Classroom Assessment: How to Score or Report Results<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Norm-Referenced Grading<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Criterion-Referenced Grading<\/p>\n\n\n\n
According to Piaget, what is an important accomplishment at the preoperational stage?
Thinking symbolically<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A student understands that a deflated balloon can be inflated with air. According to Piaget, which cognitive level is this student demonstrating?
Concrete operational<\/p>\n\n\n\n
According to Vygotsky, what should a teacher do to help a student move through the zone of proximal development?
Provide instructional scaffolding<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Which behavior would Piaget classify as characteristic of the concrete operational cognitive development stage?
Explaining the commutative property in addition<\/p>\n\n\n\n
According to Vygotsky’s theory, which child is experiencing learning from “a more knowledgeable other?”
A child watching parents brush their teeth<\/p>\n\n\n\n
According to Kohlberg, which behavior is characteristic of the final stage of his moral development theory?
Justifying a moral decision on the basis of self-chose principles even when there is a conflict with official rules and laws<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Because of circumstances, an individual seeks medical advice to remove a parent from life support. According to Gilligan, which moral stage of development is represented by this scenario?
Postconventional<\/p>\n\n\n\n
During which age range does Erikson’s industry vs. inferiority stage of psychosocial development usually occur?
5 to 12 years<\/p>\n\n\n\n
According to Bandura, which factor can affect reproduction?
Physical capabilities<\/p>\n\n\n\n
According to B.F. Skinner’s theory of operant conditioning, what is an example of negative reinforcement?
Removing a restriction if a student pays attention in class<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What is identified with the babbling stage of the language development process?
Repeating vowel sounds<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Which action characterizes the holophrastic stage of language development?
Uttering single words<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A student is able to make a sentences with a subject, verb, and object. Which stage of language development is this student in?
Telegraphic<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A fifth-grade student is having difficulty listening and retaining information. The teacher notices that the student looks pale and has brittle hair and nails. Which physical barrier is likely affecting this student’s learning and performance?
Nutrition<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A fourth-grade student complains of headaches, stomach pain, and nausea. The teacher notices the student seems anxious and has difficulty focusing. Based on the information, which barrier is likely affecting this student’s learning and performance?
Stress<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A high school teacher notices a sudden drop in a student’s grades and a change in the way the student dresses for school. Which developmental barrier is likely affecting this student’s performance?
Peer pressure<\/p>\n\n\n\n
While solving a multistep math problem, a student forgets the second and third steps while implementing the first. During reading, the student often forgets what was at the beginning of the paragraph before reaching the end of a paragraph. Which memory deficit is likely affecting this student’s learning and performance?
Working memory<\/p>\n\n\n\n
An Asian third-grade student is getting average grades in math and English. However, when asked to participate in discussions, the student does not make eye contact and is silent for long periods of time. Which factor is likely affecting this student’s learning and performance?
Different cultural norms<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Due to family circumstances, a high-performing student suffers from inadequate sleep. Which learning and performance impact would be consistent with the student in this scenario?
Decreased ability to focus<\/p>\n\n\n\n
An extremely intelligent middle school student does not complete work, is suspicious of those who want to be friendly, and is very judgmental of others. A teacher hears the student speak about hating the school and refers the student to the guidance counselor for poor self-esteem. How does poor self-esteem affect learning and performance?
It decreases the willingness to take risks<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Even in the heat, a somewhat withdrawn student wears long sleeves and pants. As a victim of abuse, this student fears being required to have anything signed by a parent. How does child abuse influence learning and performance?
It increases self-isolation and the fear of reprimand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A second-grade student is argumentative and defiant and engages in passive-aggressive behaviors such as giving a peer a hug or high five that causes pain. The teacher notices the student bullying other students on the playground. In which area of development is this student struggling?
Social-emotional<\/p>\n\n\n\n
An eight -year-old student diagnosed with cerebral palsy is working at grade level academically but is unable to write, climb a jungle gym, or participate in any extra curricular activities. In which area of development is this student struggling?
Physical<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A sixth-grade student, who is being bullied, is afraid to go to recess and walk home after school. Which effect on learning and performance might this student experience?
A decrease in self-complacency<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A fourth-grade student with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is inattentive, is disruptive, and has difficulty completing assingments. How can the teacher address this student’s learning needs?
Give several choices for completing an activity<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A student in high school is and English learner (EL) who is operating at the formal operational stage of development. Which classroom activity would address this student’s learning needs?
Solving hypothetical problems<\/p>\n\n\n\n
An underweight middle school student is seen negotiating for food from other students. This student regularly falls asleep in class, complains of headaches, and is unfocused and unmotivated. Based on this description, which area of development of this student should be addressed?
Physical needs<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A student who is oversensitive to stimuli has difficulty following multistep directions, frequently asks for information to be repeated, and is easily distracted from assigned tasks. What are the learning needs of a student with this type of sensory processing disorder?
Reduction of distractions<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The language and cultural barrier of a middle school-aged English learner (EL) from a socialist country causes the student to struggle in an U.S. history class. The student has difficulty with abstract social science concepts and terminology. Which approach would address the learning needs of this student?
Provide concrete examples to clarify difficult vocabulary and ideas<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What is a key concept of B.F. Skinner’s operant conditioning in behavioral theory?
Good behavior can be encouraged by continual positive reinforcement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What is a key concept of the humanistic theory of learning?
People are innately good.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What key concept is associated with the constructivism theory of learning?
Interactive experiences<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Which theoretical learning approach aligns to playing trivia games to review class material?
Information processing theory<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A teacher has a large group of students to assess. The teachers wants to accurately assess the knowledge students have in a fairly short amount of time. Which type of assessment should this teacher use?
Short answer<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A teacher wants to know how students apply the things they learned over time and in different ways. Which type of assessment should this teacher use?
Portfolio performance<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A teacher wants to understand students’ mastery of a concept and wants some subjectivity in grading. How should the teacher assess in this scenario?
Have students complete a constructed-response questions<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What is one reason a school would use a criterion-referenced reading assessment?
To assess whether students have mastered a particular national reading standard<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A high school teacher promotes the development of self-efficacy in students based on the social cognitive learning theory. One student, when assigned a history project, exhibits stress, becomes overwhelmed, and verbalizes that the task is too difficult. Which strategy aligns best with this scenario?
Modify the project to promote successful completion by the student<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A teacher wants students to understand how knowledge is processed by teaching metacognitive skills to overcome memory deficits. Which teaching strategy should this teacher use?
Teaching how to use mnemonic devices or acronyms to recall information<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A teacher, who takes the humanistic approach to learning, personalizes learning environments for students, capitalizing or intrinsic motivation. Which strategy aligns with this scenario?
Providing opportunities to explore with the enviornment<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Taking a constructivist approach, a history teacher encourages students to choose an activity that will facilitate an in-depth understanding of how the United States was founded. Which instructional strategy will align with this scenario?
Role-playing<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A class with some students who have a visual impairment is learning about lizards. Which technique can the teacher use to help these students understand the lesson?
Have the students feel the skin of a lizard<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A first-grade teacher wants to assess student comprehension on the life cycle of a butterfly. There are three English learners in the classroom. Which formative assessment activity is likely to benefit these students?
Labeling real-life photographs of the different stages of the butterfly life cycle<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A teacher has a class that includes a student with expressive language disorder. The teacher wants to assess if students can distinguish between nouns and verbs. Which formative assessment strategy supports the learning needs of this student?
Sorting images of verbs and nouns into given categories<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In a fifth-grade classroom, 75% of the students are from low socioeconomic backgrounds and are reading below grade level. At the end of the chapter about photosynthesis, the teacher decides to assess students on the concepts presented. Which summative assessment strategy would be appropriate in this scenario?
Providing alternative performance tasks for students to demonstrate knowledge<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Two seven-year-old non-English-speaking students learn English by listening to read-alouds and singing songs. After nine weeks of school, the ability to retell a story must be assessed. Which summative assessment strategy would be an appropriate option for these two students?
Provide pictures for students to order while retelling the story<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sensorimotor Stage (Piaget)
from birth to 2 years, motor activity<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pre-operational Stage (Piaget)
from 2 years to 7 years, development of language, memory, and imagination (symbolically)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Concrete Operational Stage (Piaget)
from 7 years to 11 years, logical thinking<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Formal Operational Stage (Piaget)
adolescence to adulthood, abstract thoughts<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Physical Development
a developmental process that refers to the physical growth of a person’s body<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cognitive Development
the development of thinking, problem solving, and memory<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Piaget’s Theory
Theory stating that children actively construct their understanding of the world and go through four stages of cognitive development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vygotsky’s Theory
A sociocultural cognitive theory that emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Erikson’s Theory
Theory that proposes eight stages of human development. Each stage consists of a unique developmental task that confronts individuals with a crisis that must be resolved.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trust versus Mistrust
(Erikson)
Infants learn basic trust if the world is a secure place where their basic needs are met<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt (Erikson)
Erikson’s second crisis of psychosocial development. Toddlers either succeed or fail in gaining a sense of self-rule over their actions and their bodies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Initiative versus Guilt (Erikson)
Pre-school children initiating activities and asserting control.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Industry versus Inferiority (Erikson)
The fourth of Erikson’s eight psychosocial crises, during which children attempt to master many skills, developing a sense of themselves as either industrious or inferior, competent or incompetent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Identity versus Role Confusion (Erikson)
Erikson’s term for the fifth stage of development, in which the person tries to figure out “who am I?” but is confused as to which of many possible roles to adopt<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Intimacy versus Isolation (Erikson)
Erikson’s sixth stage of development. Adults see someone with whom to share their lives in an enduring and self-sacrificing commitment. Without such commitment, they risk profound aloneness and isolation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory
Holds that behavior, environment, and person\/cognitive factors are the key factors in development<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development
Developing children progress through a predictable sequence of stages of moral reasoning (preconventional, conventional, postconventional).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Preconventional
Kohlberg’s stage of moral development in which rewards and punishments dominate moral thinking<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Conventional
Uphold laws and rules to gain social approval or maintain social order<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Postconventional
Right and wrong determined by society’s rules which are viewed as fallible rather than absolute or by abstract ethical principles that emphasize equality and justice<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gilligan’s Theory
The theory suggesting that there is a different process of moral development in women than in men.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Chomsky’s Theory
Children have an inborn ability to learn language through exposure to it, not being taught it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Skinner’s Theory
Theory proposed that we learn language through association, imitation and reinforcement<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vygotsky’s language theory
Social learning<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Language Development
the process by which children come to understand and communicate language during early childhood<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
Vygotsky’s concept of the difference between what a child can do alone and what that child can do with the help of a teacher (scaffolding)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Intelligence Theories
varying ways that psychologists conceptualize what is meant to be “smart”<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Behaviorist Theory
Personality is constructed by a series of learning experiences that occur through interactions between the individual and their environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cognitivist Theory
A research approach that emphasizes how the human mind receives, processes, stores, and retrieves information in learning and retrieving information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Humanistic Theory
An explanation of behavior that emphasizes the entirety of life rather than individual components of behavior and focuses on human dignity, individual choice, and self-worth<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cooperative learning
small groups of classmates work toward common goals<\/p>\n\n\n\n
collaborative learning
Learning that takes place when students work in groups to discuss and solve problems together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Constructivist Theory
Piaget’s theory, in which cognitive development results from children’s active construction of reality, based on their experiences with the world<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Physical Development: Infants Physical Development: By Age 2 Physical Development: Toddlers*Love to run Physical Development: By Age 4 Physical Development: Middle Childhood: 6-10 Years Physical Development: Adolescence: 10-18 Years At which developmental stage would a child be expected to tie shoes?Primary school How does female growth differ than male growth during the adolescent stage?Females usually […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-109644","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/109644","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=109644"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/109644\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=109644"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=109644"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=109644"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}